Nutritive Tincture

Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World, 1919, was edited by U. P. Hedrick. - Alfalfa

Medicago sativa Linn. Alfalfa. Lucerne. Europe and the Orient. The leaves are eaten by the Chinese as a vegetable.

The Family Herbal, 1812, was written by John Hill. - Burdock

Botanical name: Arctium lappa Bardana. IF the last-mentioned plant has more credit for medicinal virtues than it deserves, this is not so much regarded as it ought. Providence has made some of the most useful plants the most common; but, because they are so, we foolishly neglect them. It is hardly necessary to describe the common burdock. It may be enough to say, that it grows a yard high, and has vast leaves, of a figure approaching to triangular, and of a whitish green colour. The stalks are round, striated, and very tough: The flowers are small and red, and they grow among the hooked prickles of those heads which we call burs, and which stick to our clothes. Even this seems a provision of nature in kindness to us. In pulling off these we scatter the seeds of which they are composed, and give rise to a most useful plant in a new place. The root of the burdock is long and thick; brown on the outside, and whitish within; this is the part used in medicine, and it is of very great virtues. It is to be boiled, or infused in water, the virtue is diuretic, and it is very powerfully so. It has cured dropsies alone. The seeds have the same virtue, but in a less degree. The root is said to be sudorific and good in fevers; but its virtue in operating by urine is its great value.

King's American Dispensatory By Harvey Wickes Felter and John Uri Lloyd 1898 - Nettle Leaf

Botanical Source.—This plant is a perennial, herbaceous, dull-green plant, armed with minute rigid hairs or prickles, which transmit a venomous fluid when pressed. The stem is obtusely 4-angled, branching, 2 to 4 feet high, arising from a creeping and branching root, with fleshy shoots and many fibers. The leaves are opposite, petiolate, cordate, lance-ovate, spreading, conspicuously acuminate, coarsely and acutely serrate, the point entire, armed with stings, and are 3 or 4 inches long, and about half as wide. The flowers are small, green, monoecious or dioecious, in branching, clustered, axillary, interrupted spikes, longer than the petioles (W.—L.). History and Chemical Composition.—This is a well-known plant, common to Europe and the United States, growing in waste places, by woodsides, in hedges, and in gardens, flowering from June to September. A decoction of the plant, strongly salted, will quickly coagulate milk without imparting to it any unpleasant flavor. The leaves and root are generally used, and yield their virtues to water. A fabric, known as nettle-cloth, has been woven from the bast fibers of nettle. The young shoots have been boiled and eaten as a remedy for scurvy. The irritation caused by rubbing the sharp hairs of the nettle on the skin, is believed to be caused by the free formic acid which they contain (Gorup-Besanez, Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1850, p. 181). According to G. Haberlandt (1886), the poisonous action of the hairs of the stinging nettle is not due to formic acid, but to an unorganized ferment or enzyme. Mr. B. Shoemaker (Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1866, p. 493), who has found starch, gum, albumen, lignin, sugar, and two resins, in the root, believes the diuretic properties of the root to be due to a warm, penetrating, volatile oil. The leaves contain tannic and gallic acids, gum, wax, etc. (Saladin, 1830). L. Reuter (Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1890, p. 11, from Pharm. Centralh., 1890) found the leaves of U. urens and U. dioica and the seeds of U. pilulifera to contain a non-nitrogenous glucosid, giving precipitates with some alkaloidal reagents. The juice of the fresh plant is said to evolve nitrous fumes upon being heated. This is probably due to the action of formic acid upon nitrates (E. Giustianini, Jahresb. der Pharm., 1896, p. 239). Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—Common nettle is astringent, tonic, and diuretic. A decoction is valuable in diarrhoea and dysentery, with profuse discharges, and in hemorrhoids, various hemorrhages, and scorbutic affections, and has been recommended in febrile affections, gravel, and other nephritic complaints. A strong syrup made of the root, combined with suitable quantities of wild-cherry bark and blackberry root, forms an excellent remedy for all summer complaints of children, and bowel affections of adults. In cholera infantum and other summer disorders of children, with profuse watery or mucous discharges, the following treatment gives excellent results: Rx Specific urtica, ʒss; water, ℥iii. Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, every 1 or 2 hours. It is especially applicable in chronic diseases of the colon, with increased secretion of mucus. The leaves of the fresh plant stimulate, inflame, and even raise blisters on those portions of the skin with which they come in contact, and have, in consequence, been used as a powerful rubefacient. Paralysis is said to have been cured by whipping the affected limbs with them. Applied to bleeding surfaces, they are an excellent styptic. The seeds and flowers, given in wine, in doses not to exceed 1 drachm, have been reputed equal to cinchona in tertian and quartan agues—larger doses will, it is said, induce a lethargic sleep. The seeds, in doses of 14 or 16, and repeated 3 times daily, are highly recommended as a remedy for goitre, and to reduce excessive corpulence; they are also considered anthelmintic. The seeds may also be prepared in strong tincture with full strength alcohol, the dose of which, for goitre, would be from a fraction of a drop to 10 drops. Dr. J. D. McCann (Ec. Med. Gleaner, 1893, p. 62) praises this agent as a remedy for eczematous affections, and relates a case of stubborn eczema of the face, neck, and ears that was readily and completely cured by the following local application: Rx Specific urtica, flʒii; rose water, fl℥i. Mix. Apply every 3 or 4 hours. Several other cases have also yielded to it. A child with "a crust-covered head, with here and there a bleeding surface," that had long resisted treatment, yielded in a short time to softening applications of olive oil, thorough ablutions with soap and water, drying the parts, and applying the solution as above recommended. Some physicians prescribe the remedy internally at the same time that they are using it locally. It is also a remedy for chronic cystitis, with mucous discharges. Warts, rubbed with the freshly expressed juice of this plant, 3 or 4 times a day, continuing the application daily for 10 or 12 days, disappear without any pain being produced (M. Jaroschevitz). Dose of the powdered root or leaves, from 20 to 40 grains; of the decoction, from 2 to 4 fluid ounces; of specific urtica, 1/10 to 10 drops. Specific indications and Uses.—Chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, with large mucous evacuations; profuse secretion of gastric juice, with eructations and emesis; choleraic discharges; summer bowel diseases. of children, with copious watery and mucous passages; chronic eczematous eruptions.

A Manual Materia Medica Pharmacology. Comprising All Organic And Iinorganic Drugs Which Are Or Have Been Official In The United States Pharmacopia by David M. K. Culbreth, Pn.G., M.D. 1917 - Flax Seed

Linni. | other seeds, foreign matter. Habitat. C. Asia, Egypt, S. Europe, spontaneous in most temperate countries; cultivated in Russia, Egypt; India, United States, S. Europe, England, Holland. Syn. Flaxseed, Flax, Lint-bells, Winter lien; Br. Lini Semina, Lini Semina Contusa (Crushed); Fr. Lin, Semence (Graine) de Lin; Ger. Semen Lini, Leinsamen, Flachssamen. Li'num. L. see etymology, page 325, of Linacea?. U-si-ta-tis'si-mum. L. sup. adj. fr. usitatus, most useful, common, familiar. Flax'seed. AS. fleax, flechten, to braid, plait, twist—i. e., its fibres, + seed. PLANT.—An annual; stem .6 M. (2°) high, stiff, erect, solitary, round, smooth, green; leaves small, lanceolate, acute, entire, sessile, pale green, 2-4 Cm. (f-lf) long; flowers June-July; terminal, bluish; fruit August, globular capsule, size of pea, with persistent calyx at base, crowned with sharp spine, 10-seeded in distinct cells. SEEDS, ovate, oblonglanceolate, flattened, obliquely pointed at one end, 3-5 Mm. (!-§') long; chestnutbrown, very smooth and shiny, raphe a distinct, light yellow ridge along one edge, easily cut with finger-nail; internally olivegreen; oily; odor slight; taste mucilaginous, oily. POWDER, light brown; microscopically —large oily globules and irregular fragments of endosperm and seed-coat, the latter characterized by pigment cells with brownish content and stone cells with yellowish walls; mounts in fat-free sample show aleurone grains. GROUND (linseed (flax- seed) meal, lini farina, crushed linseed), light olive-brown, with reddish-brown very coarse fragments; both degrees of fineness must be free from unpleasant or rancid odor. Tests: 1. Boil 1 Gm. fat-free (seeds, powder, meal) with water 50 Ml. (Cc.), cool—filtrate + iodine T. S. not more than faint blue color (abs. of starch). 2. Extract (powder) with purified petroleum benzin—yields 30 p. c. of fixed oil, of which 98 p. c. is saponifiable. Solvent: boiling water. Dose, 5J-2 (4-8 Gm.). ADULTERATIONS.—SEEDS: Foreign seeds and earthy matter 1-25 p. c.—mustard, rape and other cruciferous seeds, sand, small stones; POWDER: Damaged flour, cornmeal, other starchy substances, recog nized by microscope or iodine test; expressed cake and that to which mineral oil has been added. Commercial.—The flax is of ancient origin, being prized for its fabric and medicinal properties; most of our seeds now come from Russia Fia. 208.—Linum usitatis simum. LINUM—LINSEED 327 LINACE/E and Germany, but the United States furnishes considerable. When exposed to heat, light, damp atmosphere, or otherwise carelessly pre served, especially the ground, it is subject to insect attack, and should not be used after 1 year old. CONSTITUENTS.—Fixed oil 35-40 p. c. (in nucleus), Mucilage, CijHjoOio, 15 p. c. (in integuments—viscid, odorless, nearly tasteless, precipitated by alcohol, lead subacetate, but not by tannin), proteids 25 p. c., tannin, amygdalin (resin, wax, sugar, no starch (except in young seeds), ash 4-6 p. c.—phosphates, sulphates, chlorides of potas sium, calcium, magnesium). Oleum Lini. Linseed Oil. official.—(Syn., Ol. Lini, Oil of Flaxseed, Raw Linseed Oil; Fr. Huile de Lin; Ger. Leinol, Leinsamenol.) This fixed oil, usually obtained by drying the seeds with heat, crushing, and expressing, is a yellowish, oily liquid, peculiar odor, bland taste; gradually thickens and darkens on exposure, acquiring a strong odor and taste; slightly soluble in alcohol, miscible with ether, chloroform, petroleum benzin, carbon disnlphide, oil of turpentine; slightly acid ; sp. gr. 0.930, congeals at—20° C. (—4° F.) ; consists of liquid glycerides of oleic acid, Ci8H^O2 (5), linoleic acid, Ci8H32O2 (15), linolenic acid, Ci8H3oO2 (15), and isolinoleic acid, CuHffiOz ((55) 85-90 p. c., also a mixture of palmitin, myristin, and stearin 10-15 p. c.; also claimed to consist chiefly of linolic acid, 22-25 p. c. of linolenic acid, and 5 p. c. of fatty acids; 1 p. c. of non-saponifiable matter. a b Linolein, the glyceride of linoleic acid, Fio. 209. — Flaxseed: a, entire, is considered the drying constituent, which on exposure is converted into 65 diam. oxylinoleic acid hydrate, and finally into linoxyn, C^I^On (insoluble in ether, and soon forms in the boiled oil). Yield by cold process 16-20 p. c., by heat 25-28 p. c., the latter being darker, with stronger odor and more acid taste. Impurities: Free acid, non-drying oils, mineral or rosin oils, rosin, Should be kept in well-stoppered containers, and that which has been "boiled" must not be used nor dispensed. Dose, 5ss-2 (15-60 Ml. (Cc.)). PREPARATIONS.—OIL: 1. Linimentum Calcis, 50 p. c. 2. Liquor Cresolis Compositus, 30 p. c. Unoff. Preps.: SEEDS. Infusion,5p.c, Compound Infusion, 5 p. c., + licorice root 2 p. c. These were once official and are effective from the dissolved mucilage of the epithelium (testa), which is altered starch. Dose, ad libitum. Decoction, 5 p. c. Poultice. PROPERTIES.—Demulcent, emollient, diluent, diuretic. USES.—Infusion or tea for inflammation of mucous membranes of respiratory, digestive, and urinary organs, renal and vesical irritation, catarrh, dysentery, calculi, strangury. Decoction, owing to the oil it contains, is less acceptable to the mouth, but all the better for enema. 328 ORGANIC DRUGS FROM THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM Poultice of ground meal to enlarged glands, swellings, boils, pneumonia, etc., made by adding boiling water to meal for proper consistency and bringing to a boil. Should coat skin with glycerin, olive or other oil before applying, and place as near to affected spot as possible; may cover with oiled silk to retain heat and moisture, and may add olive oil, lard, laudanum or any anodyne, stimulating, or astringent solution to poultice. The oil is laxative (5j; 30 Ml. (Cc.)), excellent in piles (3J-2; 30-60 Ml. (Cc.) night and morning); sometimes it is added to purgative enemata, also to cover erysipelatous and irritated skin surfaces, but with the disadvantages of soon drying (thus rendering skin stiff) and becoming sour and irritating. The linimentum calcis is applied to recent burns to allay irritation. Allied Products: 1. Flaxseed Cake, Oil-cake.—Flaxseed when ground yields cake- meal, and this, after being deprived of oil, becomes oil-cake; it still contains all of the nitrogen, 4-5 p. c., and, moreover, a little oil, thus serving well as a cattle food ; yields ash 5-8 p. c. 2. Boiled Linseed Oil—Obtained by heating oleum lini to 130° C. (2(56° F.), while passing a current of air through it, when it boils, losing 6-8 p. c. by weight; or may heat and add litharge, red lead] manganese dioxide, lead acetate or manganous borate, thereby increas ing the oil's weight and drying properties. It is darker in color, thicker, sp. gr. 0.939-0.950, and dries faster, hence useful in painting, varnish ing, etc., ^but must never be used in liniments as a substitute for the official ("raw") oil, since irreparable injury (from forming crusts) might be occasioned to burns, etc., in removing dressings. 3. Flax Liber-fibres.—These furnish linen, which, when scraped, gives lint, while the primitive short fibre is useful as tow.

The 1841 Thompsonian Materia Medica by Samuel Thompson - Yellow Dock

Medical uses.—-The medical qualities of the dock roots are anti-scorbutic, astringent, and mildly tonic. They also possess alterative properties which renders them very useful in scorbu tic disorders and cutaneous eruptions. It has sometimes proved useful, compounded with bitter root, in the venereal disease. 1t has from long use proved a valuable remedy in icthyosis, or a dry, scaly, scorbutic, or leprous state of the skin. The roots of most of the species unite a tonic with a laxative astrin gent property, much resembling that of rhubarb. [..] Dock root may be employed to the best advantage made into syrup, but it may be given in the form of decoction or powders. Four ounces may be bruised and steeped in a quart of hot wa ter and a foot glass of it taken six or eight times a day. The root simmered in fresh butter, with the addition of a little fine lovage, prickly ash and burdock seeds makes an excellent ointment for the itch and all scorbutic appearances of the skin. While using this ointment the body should be washed once or twice a week in pure lime water, diluted with whiskey and soft water. This will neutralize the bad humors and morbid matter that has worked out upon the surface. At the same time take a wineglass full of the dock tea three times a day, also take a little of the lime water; the one will purify the blood, the other will neutralize the morbid humors of the body and render them harmless. The dock is one of the most valu able constituents of the antiscorbutic syrup. (See article Bur dock.) The pulverized root is also a good dentrifice for the teeth and gums.

The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Written by Harvey Wickes Felter, M.D. 1922 - Dandelion Leaf

Botanical name: Taraxacum officinale The root of Taraxacum officinale, Weber, gathered in the autumn (Nat. Ord. Compositae). Native of Greece and a wayside weed in Europe and the United States. Dose, 5 to 60 grains. Common Name: Dandelion. Principal Constituents.—Inulin, sugar, laevulin, and an amorphous, bitter taraxacin. Preparation.—Specific Medicine Taraxacum. Dose, 1 to 60 drops. Specific Indications.—Anorexia, weak digestion, hepatic torpor, and constipation. Action and Therapy.—If prepared from recent root, taraxacum preparations may be classed with the simple bitters, having in addition a slight laxative, diuretic and alterative action. In association with other indicated remedies they may be used in catarrhal jaundice, with hepatic torpor, chronic constipation, and in catarrhal gastritis; also as a laxative-alterative in autointoxications giving rise to skin disorders and aphthous ulcers. It is contraindicated in weak and irritable or inflammatory conditions of the stomach and bowels, causing flatulence, pain, indigestion, and diarrhea. The best preparation is an extract of the fresh root.

The Dispensatory of the United States of America, 1918, Edited by Joseph P. Remington, Horatio C. Wood and others. - Dandelion Root

Taraxacum. Tarax. [Dandelion]. "The dried rhizome and roots of Taraxacum officinale Weber (Fam. Compositae). Preserve the thoroughly dried drug in tightly-closed containers, adding a few drops of chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, from time to time, to prevent attack by insects." U. S. "Taraxacum Root is the fresh root of Taraxacum officinale, Wiggers. Collected in the autumn." Br. Taraxaci Radix, Br., Taraxacum Root; Dandelion Root, Blowball, Milk, Witch, or Yellow Gowan, Lion's-tooth, Cankerwort; Pissenlit, Dent de Lion, Fr. Cod.; Radix Taraxaci cum herba, P. G.; Löwenzahn, G.; Tarassaco, It.; Taraxacon, Diente de Leon, Sp. The dandelion is an herbaceous plant, with a perennial fusiform root. The leaves, which spring immediately from the short upright rhizome, are long, pinnatifid, generally runcinate, with the divisions toothed, smooth, and of a fine 'green color. The common name of the plant was derived from the fancied resemblance of its leaves to the teeth of a lion. The flower-stem rises from the midst of the leaves, six inches or more in height. It is erect, simple, naked, smooth, hollow, fragile, and terminated by a large golden-colored flower, which closes in the evening and expands with the returning light of the sun. The involucre is smooth and double, with the outer scales bent downward. The florets are very numerous, ligulate, and toothed at their extremities. The receptacle is flat and naked. The pappus is stipulate, and at the period of maturity is disposed in a spherical form, and is so light and feathery as to be easily borne away by the wind, with the achene attached. Another plant resembling the common dandelion, the achenes of which, however, are narrower and bright red or reddish brown, known as the red-seeded dandelion, is the product of T. erythrospermum, Andrz., and is supposed by some to be naturalized from Europe. The common dandelion, Taraxacum officinale, grows spontaneously in widely separated parts of the globe. It is abundant in this country, adorning our grass plots and pasture grounds with its bright yellow flowers, which, in moist places, show themselves with the first opening of spring, and continue to appear until near the close of summer. In India the plant is cultivated in various parts of the country, and its root collected for use between the months of September and February. (P. J., Dec. 1871, 523.) All parts of the plant contain a milky bitterish juice, which exudes when they are broken or wounded. The leaves, when very young and blanched by the absence of light during their growth, are tender and not unpleasant to the taste, and are sometimes used as a salad. When older and of their natural color, they are medicinal, but the leaves of the wild plant in various stages of its early growth are used for salads by those who have cultivated a taste for this vegetable. The Pharmacopoeias recognize only the root. It should be full grown when collected, and should be employed in the recent state, as it is then most active. It does not, however, as stated by Duncan, lose nearly all its bitterness by drying, and the root dug up in the warmer seasons might, if dried with care, be employed with propriety in the succeeding winter. The juice of the root is thin and watery in the spring; milky, bitter, and spontaneously coagulable in the latter part of summer and autumn, and sweet and less bitter in the winter when affected by the frost. The months of July, August, and September are, therefore, the proper periods for collecting it. Henry Barton, of Brighton, England, prepared the juice from the flower-stalks by crushing and pressure, adding 25 per cent. of spirit, and, after allowing it to stand for some weeks in glass bottles, filtering to separate a very small quantity of deposit, and setting aside for use. According to Barton, it remains bright, and retains its characteristic taste. Though not so rich in solid constituents as the juice of the root, yet, having an equal bitterness, it is probably not less efficacious as a medicine, if it be true, as stated by Bentley, that the efficacy of the medicine does not depend solely on the amount of its solid constituents, but principally if not entirely on the bitter principle it contains. Barton stated that the juice is certainly one of the best preparations of taraxacum. (A. J. P., 1872, p. 509.) Properties.—The official description of Taraxacum follows: "Cylindrical or somewhat flattened, gradually tapering, usually in broken pieces, from 6 to 15 cm. in length and from 5 to 15 mm. in thickness; externally brown or blackish-brown, longitudinally wrinkled, having numerous root and rootlet-scars; crown simple or branched with numerous leaf-bases showing annulate markings; odor slight or inodorous; taste bitter. Under the microscope, transverse sections of the root of Taraxacum show a porous, pale yellow wood from 1 to 4 mm. in diameter, surrounded by a light brown bark from 2 to 6 mm. in thickness, the latter composed of concentric layers of lacticiferous vessels and sieve tissues, alternating with whitish inulin-bearing parenchyma. The rhizome portions show a small pith. The powder is light brown; when examined under the microscope it exhibits parenchyma cells which are large, thin-walled and contain irregular masses of inulin; fragments with yellowish-brown lacticiferous vessels; trachea; reticulate; intermediate fibers non-lignified, with irregular, simple and oblique pores. Taraxacum yields not more than 10 per cent. of ash." U. S. "Fresh root frequently three decimetres or more long, and twelve millimetres or more thick, smooth and yellowish-brown externally, whitish within. Fracture short, the exposed surface showing a small yellow porous wood, surrounded by a thick nearly white cortex exhibiting a variable number of irregular concentric rings, from which a milky juice exudes. Inodorous; taste bitter." Br. Taraxacum should be free from the root of Cichorium Intybus Linné, which closely resembles it, but is usually paler, more bitter, and has the milk vessels in radiating lines. The drug consists in part of the rhizome which shows from ten to fifteen fibro-vascular bundles surrounded by the parenchyma-tissue of the pith, the diameter of which in some instances exceeds the thickness of the woody zone several times. In other respects the structure of the rhizome resembles the root, the concentric' arrangement of the lacticiferous ducts in particular excluding any possibility of mistaking the specimens for chicory, etc. (Am. Drug., 1887, p. 2.) The active properties of taraxacum are yielded to water by boiling, and do not appear to be injured in the process. Dragendorff obtained from the root gathered in October and dried at 100° C. (212° F.) 24 per cent. of inulin and some sugar. The root gathered in March from the same place yielded 1.74 per cent. of inulin, 17 of uncrystallizable sugar, and 18.7 of levulin. This last-named substance, discovered by Dragendorff, has the same composition as inulin, but dissolves in cold water, and is devoid of any rotatory power. Mannite, which has been found in the infusion of the root, has been demonstrated by Smith, of Edinburgh, not to pre-exist in the root, but to be formed by spontaneous changes consequent on exposure. A crystallizable principle has been extracted from the juice of the root by Pollex, who has named it taraxacin. It is bitter and somewhat acrid, fusible, but not volatile, sparingly soluble in cold water, but very soluble in boiling water, alcohol, and ether. It is obtained by boiling the milky juice in distilled water, filtering the concentrated liquor, and allowing it to evaporate spontaneously in a warm place. The taraxacin crystallizes, and may be purified by repeated solution and crystallization in alcohol or water. Kromayer (A. Pharm. (2), cv, 6) also obtained taraxacin, and, in addition, a second crystalline principle, taraxacerin, C8H16O, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol. According to Vogel, the infra-cellular substance of the root consists chiefly of pectose, which is the result of a metamorphosis of the substance constituting the membrane of the cells. L. E. Sayre found that the yield of taraxacin varies in roots collected at different seasons. (See Proc. A. Ph. A., 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896,1897.) F. B. Power (C. D., 1912, p. 822) contributed the results of some investigations of this drug, in which he states that besides inulin, resin and sugar, no definite substances have previously been isolated. The taraxacin of Polex (1839), and the taraxacerin of Kromayer (1861), to which was assigned the formula C40H80O5_ are both alleged to be definite mixtures. Power found in the air dried English root, an enzyme, essential oil, oily resin, fatty acids, including melissic, and p-hydroxy-phenylacetic acid, which had never before been isolated from a plant. The roots of various plants have been largely substituted for dandelion in England and on the Continent by the herb gatherers, and we are informed that fraudulent substitution is not unfrequent, in this country, of the root of Cichorium Intybus, or chicory. It is rare to find chicory mixed with dandelion, the former being usually boldly substituted for the latter. Uses.—Taraxacum was formerly supposed to possess cholagogic as well as diuretic powers. It has been used in various conditions accompanied with congested or torpid liver. There is, however, no sufficient reason for believing it possesses any therapeutic virtues. The dried root is sometimes mixed, in powder, with ground coffee, the taste of which covers that of the dandelion. It is roasted and powdered and then prepared in the same manner. Dose, one to three drachms (3.9-11.6 Gm.). Off. Prep.—Fluidextractum Taraxaci, U. S. (Br.); Extractum Taraxaci, U. S; Br.; Succus Taraxaci, Br.; Elixir Gentianae Glycerinatum, N. F.; Elixir Taraxaci Compositum, N. F.