Circulatory Support Powder

Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World, 1919, was edited by U. P. Hedrick. - Hawthorn

Crataegus oxyacantha Linn. Hawthorn. Quick. Quick-Set Thorn. White Thorn. Europe and temperate Asia. The fruit is said by Don to be mealy, insipid, dark red and occasionally yellow. Johnson says it is seldom eaten in England except by children. Lightfoot says that when thoroughly ripe it is eaten by the Highlanders. In Kamchatka, the natives eat the fruits and make a kind of wine by fermenting them with water. In India, says Brandis, the tree is cultivated for its fruit.

King's American Dispensatory By Harvey Wickes Felter and John Uri Lloyd 1898 - Linden

Botanical Source and History.—The various linden species, bearing the above names, are all stately trees, from 40 to 100 feet in height, having a tough, fibrous bark, and a very soft, white, woody portion, yielding a very soft and light charcoal. The leaves are cordate, petiolate, alternate, serrate, and often oblique at base. Tilia americana, Linné, has thick and smooth leaves (T. glabra of Ventenat), or has thinner leaves, softly pubescent underneath (T. pubescens of Aiton), and many-flowered cymes. The latter variety grows in the southern states, and the smooth leaved kind inhabits the United States and Canada. Tilia heterophylla, Ventenat (T. laxifolia, Pursh; T. alba, Michaux) has bright-green leaves, smooth on upper surface but silvery-white underneath. Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Mississippi valleys, and south. Tilia ulmifolia, Scopoli (T. microphylla, Ventenat; T. parvifolia, Ehrhart).—Leaves pale-green beneath, and smooth, except in the vein-angles, where they are pubescent. About 7-flowered cymes. This and the next species constitute the Tilia europaea of Linné. Tilia platyphyllos, Scopoli (T. pauciflora, Hayne; T. grandiflora, Ehrhart).—Cymes 3-flowered; leaves softly pubescent on under surface, and larger than those of preceding species. Description.—Linden flowers are borne in cymes, which are axillary, and the peduncles are partly united to a greenish-yellow, linear, leaf-like bract. The petals are 5 and whitish, or approach yellow, are oblong, or lanceolate, generally notched. The calyx is 5-parted. The stamens are numerous and hypogynous, somewhat united at their bases so as to form 5 clusters (in the last two species), while in the others the stamens are connected at their bases with a petaloid scale opposite the petal. Ovary 5-celled; style 1; stigma 5-lobed; fruit a spherical, nut-like capsule, 1-celled, and 1 or 2-seeded. When fresh, the odor is agreeable; when dry, faint. The taste is mucilaginous and sweetish. Chemical Composition.—Linden flowers contain sugar, tannin, mucilaginous matter, fatty substance, wax, yellow coloring matter, and a volatile oil, to which their fragrant odor is due. Upon the leaves of the European species, Boussingault detected a sweet exudate, having the composition of Mt. Sinai manna. A glucosid, tiliacin, has been isolated from the leaves of the linden, as well as from Cirsium arvense (P. A. Latschinow, Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1890, p. 296). Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—The European species (Tilia europaea) is a common domestic remedy in Europe for the relief of many nervous and catarrhal disorders. The leaves, flowers, and buds are employed, and their properties may be regarded as stimulant, lenitive, tonic, and nervine. The infusion is generally preferred, and may be given to allay irritation and restlessness, and to promote rest and sleep. The hot infusion is employed to check diarrhoea from cold, and in the various forms of colds and catarrhal conditions, while, either hot or cold, it may be used in restlessness, nervous headaches, painful and difficult digestion, and mild hysteria. The effects upon the nervous system are sometimes obtained by an enema, or bath, prepared from the flowers. The infusion is prepared from 30 or 40 grains of the flowers and 1 pint of water. It forms an agreeable vehicle for other medicines. A strong tincture may be prepared of the flowers (℥viij) and strong alcohol (Oj). Dose, 1 to 20 minims. The other species undoubtedly possess similar properties.

Sturtevant's Edible Plants of the World, 1919, was edited by U. P. Hedrick. - Gingko

aloba Ginkgo biloba Linn. Coniferae. Ginko. Maiden-Hair Tree. China and Japan. The fruit of the ginko is sold in the markets in all Chinese towns and is not unlike dried almonds, only whiter, fuller and more round. The natives seem very fond of it, although it is rarely eaten by Europeans. In Japan, the seeds furnish an oil used for eating and burning. The fruit of the maiden-hair tree is called in China pa-kwo. The Chinese consume the nuts of this tree at weddings, the shells being dyed red; they have a fishy taste. This tree is largely cultivated as an ornamental in Europe, Asia and North America.

A Manual Materia Medica Pharmacology. Comprising All Organic And Iinorganic Drugs Which Are Or Have Been Official In The United States Pharmacopia by David M. K. Culbreth, Pn.G., M.D. 1917 - Valerian

Cerebral Excitants, Stimulants, Antispasmodics (L. stimulare, stimulus, to urge, stimulate, a goad, excitant; Gr. avri, against, + airaa/ios, a spasm).—These increase the functional activity of the brain without causing subsequent depression or suspension of the cere bral functions: valerian, asafetida, sumbul, musk, camphor, guarana, caffeine (theine), alcohol.VALERIAXA. VALERIAN. officinalis'}The dried rhizome and roots. Habitat. Europe, N. Asia, in moist as well as dry localities, banks of streams; naturalized in New England and New York; cultivated. Syn. Valer., Wild, Great Wild, English, German, Common, Cat's, Vermont or American-English Valerian, Setwall, Vandal Root, All Heal, Radix Valeriana; Minoris; Br. Valeriana; Rhizoma; Fr. Valeriane officinale, Racine de Valerianc; Ger. Radix Valeriana;, Baldrian, (Wilde) Baldrianwurzel. Va-le-ri-a'na. L. see etymology, page 578, of Valerianacese. Of-fi-ci-na'lis. L. see etymology of (Asagrcea) officinalis, page 102. PLANT.—Large perennial herb; stem .(i-1.3 M. (2-4°) high, branched at top, cylindrical, hollow, fluted and channeled, often hairy; leaves imparipinnate with long clasping petioles; leaflets 4—10 pairs, 2.5-6.5 Cm. (1-2J') long, lanceolate, dentate; flowers small, white or rose color, agreeably odorous, terminal corymbs, corolla 5-lobed, stamens 3, sessile; fruit, capsule, 4 Mm. (£') long, plano-convex, compressed, 4-ribbed, pale brown, 1-seeded, oblong-ovate. RHIZOME, upright, FIG. 398.—Valeriana officinalis. 2-4 Cm. ($-lf) long, 1-2 Cm. f-f) thick, usually cut longitudinally into 2-4 pieces, yellowish-brown, upper portion with stem-bases, frequently with a short, horizontal branch or stolon, from outer surface numerous, slender, brittle roots; fracture short, horny; internally light brown with a thick bark and narrow, central cylinder; odor pronounced, of valeric acid, stronger upon aging; taste sweetish, camphoraceous, somewhat bitter. POWDER, grayish-brown; micro scopically—numerous starch grains, .003-.02 Mm. (g^g-iaW) broad, trachea] fragments, sclerenchymatous fibres, occasional fragments of epidermis with root hairs and fragments of cork. Solvents: water; alcohol. Dose, gr. 15-60 (1-4 Gm.). ADULTERATIONS.—Rhizome and roots of I'. Phil, V. dioi'ca, Cynan'- chinn Vincetox'iciim, Veratrum album, Si'um latifo'lmm, Scabio'sa »ucci'sa, and S. arven'sis, also several ranunculaceous roots. 580 ORGANIC DRUGS FROM THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM Commercial.—Valerian flourishes equally well in damp woods, meadows, and dry places, affording a variability in characteristics that has suggested four varieties, all, however, being one and the same and yielding identical constituents; it is cultivated in England (best), Germany, Holland, United States (New Hampshire, Vermont, New York), very little of the wild grown, although stronger and smaller, being utilized. Rhizome is collected in the spring before stem begins to shoot, or preferably in autumn, when leaves decay, from dry soil plants, and at first is without specific odor; tops are cut off in the spring to prevent seeding and thereby strengthen the rhizome, which must be dug carefully, washed, dried (entire or split) in kilns, packed tightly, and kept dry to prevent deterioration. CONSTITUENTS.—Volatile oil .5-3 p. c., Valeric acid, formic, acetic, malic acids, chatinine, tannin, resin, starch, mucilage, sugar, ash 15-20 p. c. (largely Mn.). FIG. 399.—Valerians officinalis: rhizome, roots, and rootlets. Volatile Oil. (Oleum Valerianse, official 1880-1890.) —This is obtained by distilling with water; it is a pale green liquid, pungent valerian odor, aromatic taste, sp. gr. 0.945, yellow and viscid on expos ure, bevorotatory; contains: 1, a terpene—borneene, CinIIi6, boiling at 157° C. (315° F.); 2, an alcohol—borneol (liquid, and solid crystal line compound), CmHisO, with the liquid portion chromic acid yields camphor along with formic, acetic, and valeric acids, these latter being likewise present in old rhi/omes from slow oxidation of this CioHihO; 3, an ether—borneol, or borneol oxide, (CioH^O, greenish syrupy oil, but colorless when rectified, along with formic, acetic, and valeric esters, which, by oxidation, form their respective acids. Recent VALERIANA—VALERIAN 581 VALERIANACE^E investigators claim these components to he pinene, camphene, borneol, and the formic, acetic, and isovaleric esters of borneol. Dose, TTlj f> (.00-.3 Ml. (Cc.)). Valeric (Valerianic) Acid.—Acidum Valer(ian)icum, C5Hi0()2, official 1870-18SO. Not in fresh rhizome, hut results from oxidation of the volatile oil on exposure—a change helieved dependent largely upon presence of manganese; however, this is ohtained mostly by oxidizing amyl alcohol with sulphuric acid and potassium dichromate. It is an oily liquid, volatile, with characteristic odor, salts sweet-tasted. FIG. 400.—Valerians: longitudinal and transverse sections. PREPARATIONS.—1. Tinctura Valerianas. Tincture of Valerian. (Syn., Tr. Valer.; Fr. Teinture de Valeriane; Ger. Baldriantinktur.) Manufacture: 20 p. c. Similar to Tinctura Veratri Viridis, page 101; menstruum: 75 p. c. alcohol. Dose, 3ss-2 (2-8 Ml. (Cc.)). 2. Tinctura Valeriance Ammoniata. Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian. (Syn., Tr. Valer. Ammon., Tinctura Valerianse Composita; Fr. Teinture de Valeriane ammoniacale; Ger. Ammoniakalische Baldriantinktur.) Manufacture: 20 p. c. Similar to Tinctura Veratri Viridis, page 101; menstruum: aromatic spirit of ammonia. Dose, 3ss-2 (2-8 Ml. (Cc.)). Unoff. Preps.: Abstract, dose, gr. 5-20 (.3-1.3 Gm.). Extract, dose, gr. 5-10 (.3-6 Gm.). Fluidextrad (alcohol 80 p. c.), dose, TTlxv-60 (1-4 Ml. (Cc.)). Infusion, dose, 5J-2 (30-60 Ml. (Cc.)). Syrup. Water (Aqua). PROPERTIES.—Similar to other drugs having a volatile oil. Stimu-. lant, anodyne, nervine, antispasmodic, vermifuge, no narcotic effect; increases heart action and temperature, causing exhilaration, stimu lates circulation, secretion, and peristalsis of the stomach and intes tines; it is eliminated by kidneys, bronchial and genito-urinary mucous membranes; if used continuously, may produce melancholia, hysteria. Large doses cause nausea, diarrho?a, urination, delirium, lessen motility, sensibility, and reflex excitability; the oil paralyzes the brain, spine, slows pulse, lowers blood-pressure. USES.—Hysteria, hypochondriasis, hemicrania, nervous coughs, whooping-cough, diabetes, delirium tremens, typhoid state, dysmenor- rhoea, vertigo, epilepsy, worm convulsions, flatulence, reflex neuralgia. 582 ORGANIC DRUGS FROM THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM

Boericke's Materia Medica, 1901, was written by William Boericke - Cayenne

Botanical name: Capsicum annuum Please read the introduction to Boericke's tinctures. Seems to suit especially persons of lax fiber, weak; diminished vital heat. A relaxed plethoric sluggish, cold remedy. Not much reactive force. Such persons are fat, indolent, opposed to physical exertion, averse to go outside of their routine, get homesick easily. General uncleanliness of body. Abstainers from accustomed alcoholics. It affects the mucous membranes, producing a sensation of constriction. Inflammation of petrous bone. Burning pains and general chilliness. Older people who have exhausted their vitality, especially by mental work, and poor living; blear-eyed appearance; who do not react. Fear of slightest draught. Marked tendency to suppuration in every inflammatory process. Prostration and feeble digestion of alcoholics. Myalgia, aching and jerking of muscles. Mind.--Excessive peevishness. Homesickness, with sleeplessness and disposition to suicide. Wants to be let alone. Peppery disposition. Delirium tremens. Head.--Bursting headache; worse, coughing. Hot face. Red cheeks. Face red, though cold (Asafaet). Ears.--Burning and stinging in ears. Swelling and pain behind ears. Inflammation of mastoid. Tenderness over the petrous bone; extremely sore and tender to touch (Onosmod). Otorrhoea and mastoid disease before suppuration. Throat.--Hot feeling in fauces. Subacute inflammation of Eustachian tube with great pain. Pain and dryness in throat extending to the ears. Sore throat of smokers and drinkers. Smarting in; constriction. Burning constriction worse between acts of deglutition. Inflamed uvula and palate; swollen and relaxed. Mouth.--Herpes labialis (Apply one drop of the mother tincture). Stomatitis. Disagreeable smell from mouth. Fetid odor from mouth. Stomach.--Burning in tip of tongue. Atonic dyspepsia. Much flatulence, especially in debilitated subjects. Intense craving for stimulants. Vomiting, sinking at pit of stomach. Much thirst; but drinking causes shuddering. Stool.--Bloody mucus, with burning and tenesmus; drawing pain in back after stool. Thirsty after stool, with shivering. Bleeding piles, with soreness of anus. Stinging pain during stool. Urine.--Strangury, frequent, almost ineffectual urging. Burning in orifice. Comes first in drops, then in spurts; neck of bladder spasmodically contracted. Ectropion of meatus. Male.--Coldness of scrotum, with impotency, atrophied testicles, loss of sensibility in testicles, with softening and dwindling. Gonorrhoea, with chordee, excessive burning, pain in prostate. Female.--Climacteric disturbances with burning of tip of tongue (Lathyrus). Uterine haemorrhage near the menopause, with nausea. Sticking sensation in left ovarian region. Respiratory.--Constriction of chest; arrests breathing Hoarseness. Pain at apex of heart or in rib region, worse touch. Dry, hacking cough, expelling an offensive breath from lungs. Dyspnoea. Feels as if chest and head would fly to pieces. Explosive cough. Threatening gangrene of lung. Pain in distant parts on coughing-bladder, legs, ears, etc. Extremities.--Pain from hips to feet. Sciatica, worse bending backward; worse, coughing. Tensive pain in the knee. Fever.--Coldness, with ill-humor. Shivering after drinking. Chill begins in back; better, heat. Must have something hot to back. Thirst before chill. Modalities.--Better, while eating, from heat. Worse, open air, uncovering, draughts. Relationship.--Antidote: Cina; Calad. Compare: Pulsat; Lycop; Bell; Centaurea (surging of blood; homesickness; intermittent fever). Dose.--Third to sixth attenuation. In delirium tremens, dram doses of tincture in milk or tincture or orange peel.