Kidney & Bladder U.T.I Tincture

The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Written by Harvey Wickes Felter, M.D. 1922 - Marshmallow

Botanical name: Althaea officinalis The decorticated dried root of Althaea officinalis, Linné (Nat. Ord. Malvaceae), a plant of salt marshes, river banks, and moist, sandy soils. Europe, Asia, Australia, and Eastern United States. Common Name: Marshmallow. Principal Constituents.—Mucilage, starch, pectin, and asparagin, an odorless and colorless crystallizable body identical with althein and agedolite, found also in many other plants. Preparations.—1. Infusum Althaeae. Infusion of Althaea. Dose, Freely. 2. Decoctum Althaeae. Decoction of Althaea. Dose, Freely. 3. Syrupus Althaaeae. Syrup of Althaea. Dose, 1 fluidounce to 4 fluidounces. Therapy.—External. A soothing application to inflamed surfaces; and may be used as an injection for dysentery, acute vaginitis, and the acute stage of gonorrhea. A favorite gargle for irritated throat. Applied upon a compress, it is reputed to be comforting to painful piles. Internal. An excellent lenitive and demulcent diuretic employed to soothe irritated and inflamed mucous surfaces, in hoarseness, cough due to faucial irritation, gastro-intestinal irritation and inflammation, and as a soothing drink in vesical and renal irritation and inflammation, acute cystitis, strangury and gravel. If the mucilage chiefly is desired, an infusion should be prepared with cold water; if starch, with some mucilage is needed, a decoction. It may be given freely. A syrup of marshmallow is a good vehicle for pectoral medication.

The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Written by Harvey Wickes Felter, M.D. 1922 - Uva Ursi

Botanical name: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi The dried leaves of Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi (Linné), Sprengel (Nat. Ord. Ericaceae). A perennial evergreen common in the northern part of Europe and North America. Dose, 30 to 60 grains. Common Names: Uva Ursi, Bearberry, Upland Cranberry. Principal Constituents.—A bitter glucoside arbutin (C12H16O7), yielding hydroquinone, methyl-hydroquinone, and glucose; ericolin (C10H16O), ursone, tannic and gallic acids. Preparation.—Specific Medicine Uva Ursi. Dose, 5 to 60 drops. Specific Indications.—Relaxed urinary tract, with pain and bloody or mucous secretions; weight and dragging in the loins and perineum not due to prostatic enlargement; chronic irritation of the bladder, with pain, tenesmus, and catarrhal discharge. Action and Therapy.—Uva Ursi is a true diuretic acting directly upon the renal epithelium. Owing to the presence of arbutin it is decidedly antiseptic and retards putrescent changes in the urine, and acts as a mild disinfectant of the urinary passages. It is to be used where the tissues are relaxed and toneless, with dragging and weighty feeling, and much mucoid or muco-bloody discharge. There is always a feeble circulation and lack of innervation when uva ursi is indicated. It is especially valuable in chronic irritation of the bladder, in vesical catarrh, strangury, and gonorrhea with bloody urination. It is claimed that when cystic calculi are present uva ursi, by blunting sensibility, enables their presence to be more comfortably borne. Pyelitis and mild renal haematuria sometimes improve under the use of uva ursi. Arbutin, in its passage through the system, yields hydroquinone, and this body, further changed by oxidation, renders the urine dark or brownish-green. This should be explained to patients taking the drug in order to allay any unnecessary fears the phenomenon may excite.

The Family Herbal, 1812, was written by John Hill. - Chamomile

Botanical name: Chamaemelum nobile Plate 08.Chamaemelum. A COMMON low wild plant, of a beautiful green, a fragrant smell, and with flowers not unlike daisies. It is frequent on damp heaths, and gets no good by being brought into gardens. It grows larger there, but has less efficacy. In its wild state it spreads its branches upon the ground, taking root at the joints. The stalks are round, green, and thick; the leaves are very finely divided, and of a dark blackish green colour. The flowers grow upon long foot-stalks, and are white at the edge and yellow in the middle: the flowers are most used. Those which are raised for sale are double, and they have very little virtue in comparison of the single ones. They are to be taken in tea, which is a pleasant bitter; or in powder they are excellent for disorders of the stomach, and have sometimes cured agues, as many other bitters will. The tea made of them is also good against the colic, and works by urine.

The Dispensatory of the United States of America, 1918, Edited by Joseph P. Remington, Horatio C. Wood and others. - Cornsilk

This drug is the so-called "silk" of the ear of ordinary Indian corn or maize, cultivated in the warmer temperate and subtropical countries of the world. It consists of "slender filaments from 10 to 20 cm. in length, and about 0.4 mm. in diameter; of a light green, purplish-red, yellow or light brown color; stigmas bind, the segments very slender, frequently unequal and from 0.4 to 3 mm. in length. Under the microscope, the styles are seen to consist for the most part of parenchyma and two parallel, vascular bundles with narrow, spiral or annular tracheae; the epidermal cells are rectangular, many of these being extended into multicellular hairs, the latter being from 0.2 to 0.8 mm. in length, the basal portion consisting of two to five united cells, the upper portion being usually unicellular; the cells of the hairs are rich in cytoplasm and usually contain a small, spherical nucleus; the purplish-red styles contain a purplish-red cell sap. Digest a small portion of the fresh styles and stigmas in diluted alcohol and filter; a pale purplish-red solution is produced, separate portions of which, on the addition of acids, become distinctly purplish or yellowish-red; on the addition of alkalies, green; on the addition of ferric chloride T.S., olive-green changing to greenish-brown; and on the addition of an aqueous solution of alum, bluish or purplish, the color being quite permanent." N. F. Rademaker and Fischer (A. J. P., 1886, p. 369) determined the presence of 2.25 per cent. of maizenic acid in dried corn silk. It was first described, however, by Vautier. It is freely soluble in water, alcohol and ether, but insoluble, in benzin. Rademaker and Fischer found, in addition to the acid, fixed oil, resin, chlorophyll, sugar, gum, extractive, albuminoids, phlobaphene salt, cellulose and water. Used as a mild stimulant diuretic, useful in acute and chronic cystitis and in the bladder irritation of uric acid and phosphatic gravel. It has also been employed in gonorrhea, and has been affirmed by Landreux to be a useful diuretic and even cardiac stimulant in the dropsy of heart disease. It probably is, however, of little value. Concerning the activity of maizenic acid we have little definite knowledge, but it probably represents whatever physiological power the drug possesses; it has been given in the dose of one-eighth of a grain (0.008 Gm.). Corn silk was official in the U. S. VIII but dismissed from the U. S. IX. It was introduced in the N. F. IV. The fluidextract of zea N. F. is made with a menstruum of diluted alcohol. Dose, one to three drachms (3.9-11.6 Gm.).

King's American Dispensatory By Harvey Wickes Felter and John Uri Lloyd 1898 - Cranberry

Vaccinium macrocarpom, Aiton (Oxycocccus macrocarpus), Cranberry.—This well-known fruit is frequently applied in domestic practice to inflammatory swellings, such as erysipelas, Edo Claassen (Amer. Jour. Pharm., 1886, p. 324) finds in the fruit a bitter, non-crystallizable glucosid, which he names oxycoccim, resembling arbutin. Cranberries are a source of citric acid; L. W. Moody (ibid., 1878, p. 567) found 2.27 per cent. Cranberries in poultice have proved useful in erysipelatows inflammations, tonsilitis, Scarlatinal sore throat, and swelling of the cervical glands, as well as in indolent and malignant ulcers. A split cranberry, held in position by a daub of flour or starch-paste, will quickly relieve the pain and inflammation attending boils upon the tip of the nose. This procedure, recently recommended by a distinguished physician, has given good results in our hands.

King's American Dispensatory By Harvey Wickes Felter and John Uri Lloyd 1898 - Parsley Leaf

Botanical Source.—Parsley is a biennial plant with a fleshy, spindle-shaped root, and a round, striated, erect, smooth, branching stem. The radical leaves are biternate, bright-green, and borne on long, channeled petioles; the leaflets are rhomboidal-ovate, wedge-shaped at the base, deeply incised, the segments mucro mate and sometimes rounded. The upper leaves gradually become more entire and narrower, till the uppermost are simply ternate with linear segments. Unn bels terminal and axillary, pedunculated, with 5 to 8 rays. General involucre none, or 1 or 2 subulate, minute bracts; partial involucre with 6 or 8 setaceous bracts, much shorter than the pedicels, erect, forming a perfect whorl. The flowers are white or greenish ; the petals rounded, incurved, and scarcely emar ginate; the calyx with the limb obsolete; the disk short, conical, and somewhat crenulate; the styles diverging. The fruit is ovate, about a line long, compressed, pale greenish-brown, the back occupied by three elevated, pale primary ridges, the two others quite on the margin at the side. The stamens are longer than the corolla (L.). History.—Parsley is a European plant, and was known as early as the first century. It is now cultivated in nearly all moderate climates as a culinary vege table. The plant has a grateful aroma. The seeds, herb, and root, are the medici nal parts; the root has rather an agreeable odor, and a saccharine, slightly spicy taste, and should be used while fresh. The root and herb contain small quantities of a volatile oil; larger quantities are contained in the seeds. Chemical Composition.—The root, besides sugar, starch, mucilage, and 0.08 per cent of essential oil, contains a peculiar body, named by Braconnot (1843) apčim. The essential oil from the root has a specific gravity of 1,049, and upon standing, deposits crystals, probably of apiol (see below). Parsley seeds contain fatty Oil (about 22 per cent, Rump, 1836), volatile oil containing the well-defined crystallizable body apiol, tannin, gelatinous apiim (of Braconnot), and an oily sub stance apiol (Joret and Homolle, Jour. Pharm. Chim., 1855, p. 212). Parsley seeds yield, upon distillation with water about 2.8 per cent (4.27 per cent, H. C. Whit ney, 1880) of an essential oil (oil of parsley), part of which is heavier than water. Crystals of apiol (formerly called parsley camphor) are formed by exposing the oil to a low temperature. Some oils are semisolid, owing to the presence of large quantities of apiol. Apiol (C.H.O.) melts at 30°C. (86°F.), and boils at 294°C. (561.2°F.), hence is not easily volatilized with the vapors of boiling water. It has the characteristic taste, but only a faint odor of parsley. Its chemical com position was cleared up, by Ciamician and Silber (1888 and 1890). It is soluble in alcohol and ether; almost insoluble in water. Oil of parsley also contains laevo pineme (v. Gerichten, 1876). APIOL, of Joret and Homolle, is an oily liquid which has the odor and taste of parsley; it is not miscible with water, has a specific gravity of 1.078, and was introduced as a febrifuge capable of supplanting quinine. It is probably not a uniform body, and is prepared by abstracting an alcoholic extract of the seeds, with chloroform or ether, removing fat by triturating the evaporated residue with lead oxide, and after 48 hours filtering through charcoal. The oil thus obtained is probably identical with the heavy part of the volatile oil from the seeds. Also See paper on this subject by H. C. Whitney (New Remedies, 1880, p. 7). APIIN may be isolated from the seeds by extracting them with alcohol and removing apiol from the alcoholic extract by means of ether. The residue is purified by repeated solution in alcohol and precipitation with water. Similarly, apiim may be obtained from the herb, wherein it was first discovered. It is a white, tasteless, microcrystalline powder, soluble in warm alcohol and boiling Water. Upon cooling it falls out, forming a jelly in as dilute a solution as 1 in 1454 PHELLANDRIU M, 1500. It is soluble in alkalies, and is precipitated therefrom by acids. Aqueous solutions of apiim produce a deep blood-red coloration with ferric chloride (Bra connot). It is a glucosid, and is decomposed by the action of diluted acids into dextrose and apigemin (Lindenborn, 1867; v. Gerichten, 1876). Action, Medical Uses, and Dosage.—PARSLEY. Diuretic, relieving urinary irritation. Very useful in dropsy, especially that following Scarlatina, and other cranthematous diseases. Also used in retention of wrime, Strangwry, and gomorrhoea. Parsley Seeds have a powerful odor, somewhat like that of turpentine, and a spicy, pungent taste, and have been used as a carminative, and for the same purpose as the root—they are said to be very poisomous to the parrot. The seeds as well as the leaves, sprinkled on the hair, in powder, or in the form of an ointment, will effectually destroy vermin; the leaves, applied as a fonmentation, will, it is asserted, cure the bites or Stings of insects. The leaves, bruised, are a good applica tion to contusions, swelled breasts, and enlarged glands—reputed to “dry up the milk.” of wet-nurses. The oil is efficient as a diuretic, in doses of 3 or 4 drops a day; dose of the infusion, 2 to 4 fluid ounces, 3 or 4 times a day. APIOL.–In doses of from 7 to 15 grains apiol occasions a cerebral excitement similar to that caused by coffee, a sensation of vigor and composure, and warmth about the stomach; in doses of from 30 to 60 grains it causes intoxication, giddi mess, flashes of light, vertigo and ringing in the ears, etc. It is highly recom mended as a substitute for quinine in intermittent fevers, and has proved very effi cient. It has likewise been found valuable in menstrual derangements; as fetid men Struation, meuralgic dysmemorrhaea, newralgic wierine colic, amemorrhaea, etc.; also in the might-sweats of consumption. The dose is 3 to 6 grains, several times a day, begin ming a couple of days prior to menstruation, given in gelatin capsules, or formed into pills with medicinal amygdalin soap, and magnesia, gum, or yellow of egg.