Irrigation Tea Powder

The Family Herbal, 1812, was written by John Hill. - Calendula

Botanical name: Calendula officinalis Calendula. A plant too common in our kitchen gardens, to need much description. It is a foot high. The stalks are thick, angulated, and not very upright. The leaves are long, narrow at the base, and broader toward the end. The flowers are large and yellow, and they stand at the tops of the branches. The whole plant is of a pale bluish green colour, and feels clammy. The root is fibrous. A tea made of the fresh gathered flowers of marigold, picked from the cups, is good in fevers: it gently promotes perspiration, and throws out any thing that ought to appear on the skin.

The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Written by Harvey Wickes Felter, M.D. 1922 - Cleavers

Botanical name: Galium aparineGaliumGalium tinctorium The herb Galium aparine, Linné, and other species of Galium (Nat. Ord. Rubiaceae). Common in moist grounds in Europe and the United States. Common Names: Cleavers, Goose-Grass, Catch-Weed, Bedstraw. Principal Constituents.—Rubichloric, gallitannic, and citric acids. Preparations.—1. Infusum Galii, Infusion of Galium (1 ounce to Water, 16 fluidounces). Dose, 1 to 4 fluidounces. 2. Specific Medicine Galium. Dose, 5 to 60 drops. Specific Indications.—Dysuria and painful urination in febrile and inflammatory states; renal and cystic irritation with burning; "nodular growths or deposits in skin or mucous membranes" (Scudder). Action and Therapy.—Galium is a useful refrigerant diuretic in fevers and inflammations, and to relieve dysuria with pain and scalding or burning in the urethra or neck of the bladder. It may be used as a sedative diuretic in scarlet fever. It is undoubtedly alterative and may be exhibited in scrofulous disorders, but has been unwisely claimed as a remedy for carcinomatous growths. Galium tinctoria is aromatic and has been recommended in the spasmodic cough of asthma and chronic bronchitis. The best use for these drugs is as diuretics.

A Manual Materia Medica Pharmacology. Comprising All Organic And Iinorganic Drugs Which Are Or Have Been Official In The United States Pharmacopia by David M. K. Culbreth, Pn.G., M.D. 1917 - Marshmallow

ALTHAEA. ALTHAEA. Alth»a oflicinalis, j The root deprived of brown, corky layer and Lanne- j small roots, and carefully dried. Habitat. Europe, Western and Northern Asia; naturalized in salt marshes, New England, New York, Australia; cultivated in Europe. Syn. Marsh Mallow Hoot, Marsh Mallow, White Mallow, Mortification Root, Sweetweed, Wymote; Fr. Racine de Guiniauve, Guimauve; Ger. Radix Althiea, Eibischwurzel, Eibisch. Al-thse'a. L. fr. Gr. &\6aiva, to heal, cure—i. e., its medicinal qualities (Dioscorides). Of-fl-ci-na'lis. L. see (Asagrcea) ojfficinalis, page 102. PLANT.—Perennial herb .6-1.3 M. (2—4°) high, having several woolly stems; leaves 2.5-7.5 Cm. (1-3') long, serrate, both sides pubescent; flowers large, 2.5-5 Cm. (1-2') in diameter, purple. ROOT, slenderly tapering, 15-30 Cm. (6-12') long, 1-2 Cm. (f-f) thick; usually cut into small pieces, 5 Mm. (5') thick, whitish, longitudinally furrowed, frequently spirally twisted and covered with somewhat loosened bast-fibres (hairy); fracture fibrous (bark), short, granular (wood); internally yellowish-white; bark 1-2 Mm. (^5 iV) thick, porous (due to mucilage cells) and separated from slightly radiating wood by grayish cambium zone; odor slight; taste sweetish, mucilagi nous. POWDER, whitish; microscopically—many starch grains, .003- .02 Mm. (-g-gVs laVffO broad; sclerenchymatous fibres in groups; 392 ORGANIC DRUGS FROM THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM tracheae, few calcium oxalate rosette aggregates. Tests: 1. Macerate 1 Gm. in water 10 Ml. (Cc.) 30 minutes, stir occasionally, filter—pale yellow neutral mucilage, turning deep yellow with a few drops of potas sium hydroxide T. S. ; mucilage should not have a sour or ammoniacal odor. Should be kept in tightly-closed containers, adding occasionally a few drops of chloroform or carbon tetrachloride to prevent insect attack. Solvents: water (cold), dissolving asparagin, mucilage, sugar, (hot), also starch. Dose, 5ss-l (2-4 Gm.). ADULTERATIONS.—ROOT: Belladonna root, when young and peeled, resembles althsra, but distinguished by absence of hair-like bast-fibres, and by possessing visible yellowish wood bundles; okl dark-colored alttuea roots sometimes are whitened with calcium oxide or sulphate, which subside to the bottom ujxm soaking in water, thereby readily being detected; root sometimes mar keted cut in small cubes, render ing admixtures more likely; POW DER: Starchy substances recognized by shape of starch granules. Commercial.-—Plant during first 2 years produces only a tap-root, which soon thereafter becomes tough, woody, inert, and much branched, the branches having little medicinal value; the unscraped root is yellow ish-brown, non-fibrous, and should be collected from cultivated plants, peeled, and dried carefully; leaves and flowers sometimes used. CONSTITUENTS. — Asparagin (al- thein, amido-succinamic acid, aspara- mide) 1-2 p. c., Mucilage (bassorin, althea mucilage, upon which value depends) 35 p. c., Starch 37 p. c., pectin 11 p. c., betaine, sugar 11 p. c., fat 1 .25 p. c., ash 4-8 p. c. Asparagin, .C4H8X2O3 + H2O.—Obtained by putting the thick, viscid mucilage of althtea into a dialyzer, with water outside; asparagin passes into the water, which upon evaporation yields the crystals. These are colorless, neutral, transparent, lustrous, sp. gr. 1.520, soluble in water (47), acids, alkalies, converted by these latter into ammonia and organic acid; therapeutically inactive. Dose, gr. 5-10 (.3-.0 Gm.). PREPARATIONS.—1. Massa Hydrargyri, 15 p. c. 2. Pilulce Ferri Carbonatis, | gr. (.01 Gm.). 3. Pihilcp Phosphori, 1 gr. (.06 Gm.). Unoff. Preps.: Syrup, 5 p. c., dose, 3 H(4-15 Ml. (Cc.)). Decoction, 5 p. c. Ointment. Poultice. Species Althaea (Emollientes, Pectorales). PROPERTIES.—Demulcent, emollient, protective. Fia. 255. —Althwa officinalis. ALTHMA—ALTH&A 393 MALVACE/E USES.—Inflammations of pulmonary, digestive, and urinary organs, mucous membranes; skin eruptions, herpes, psoriasis, enema (decoction) for vaginal and rectal irritation. In pharmacy, the powdered root being very absorbent, is used to harden pills, troches, electuaries, etc. x~~\ i a FIG. 256.—Allhcea officinalis: 1, expanded flower; 2, vertical section of flower; 3, stamen; 4, stamen after discharge of pollen; 5, fruit; 6, outside calyx as seen from beneath. The dried leaves (althaea folia) also used medicinally. Allied Plants: 1. Althaa ro'sea, Hollyhock.—Levant. Petals used; formerly culti vated in gardens. Flowers (Flores Mtilrcr Arboreci) 7.5-12.5 Cm. (3-5') broad, nearly sessile, composed of a tomentose calyx and 5 purple petals. Fio. 257.—Althaea: transverse section, magnified 2 diam. Fio. 258.—Malva syhestris: showing flowers, leaves, and fruit. 2. Mal'm syhes'tris. High Mallmr, M. vulga'rii, Common Mallow, and M. rotundifo'lia, Lmv (Running) Mallmc.—The flowers are rose- red, purple, or whitish, but when dried bluish, green with ammonia, red with acids, slight odor; sweetish, mucilaginous taste. 3. Abu'tilon and Hibis'cus species have similar medicinal properties, and mav be used satisfactorily one for the other.